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Redis是一个开源、支持网络、基于内存的key-value存储系统,类似memcached,性能极高,支持超过100K+ 每秒的读写频率,一些大型的网站例如ITeye(JavaEye)和CSDN现在都用到了Redis。
与memcached相比,Redis提供了持久化存储,重启了服务器后memcached需要重新创建缓存,而Redis依赖快照进行持久化,即使服务器刚开机启动也不会导致负载陡增。Redis缓存比较适合大流量的Wordpress。
当你的WordPress中的文章达到上万篇,随着流量的增加,Wordpress的服务器压力也随之不断加大,Wordpress发布文章和后台相关的操作都会变得缓慢,这时如果单从硬件上投入来提高Wordpress性能显然不划算。
利用Redis将WordPress页面直接缓存在服务器的内存中,这样在避免了PHP重复执行操作的同时,内存的极速响应能够最大限度地提升Wordpress页面的访问速度,部落实际测试发现页面执行时间可以降低到0.00X秒级别,比没有使用Redis缓存提升几倍甚至十几倍以上。
WordPress简单又功能强大让大家爱不释手,但也导致了WordPress在架构大型网站和博客时成为了消耗资源“大户”,如何让Wordpress更好更有效率地运行,是我们一直不断追求的目标,参考:
- 1、memcached缓存:WP Super cache启用Memcached内存缓存加速及其效果分析
- 2、图片延迟加载:WordPress图片实现真正延迟加载-加快页面打开速度节省服务器资源
- 3、头像缓存加速:提升WordPress的Gravatar头像加载速度方法:缓存本地化国内服务器
memcached缓存需要先在自己的VPS上或者服务器上安装好memcached,参考方法:WDCP,LNMP安装PHP缓存加速扩展eAccelerator,xcache和memcached
用Redis缓存来给WordPress站点加速-适用于Apache和Nginx
1、有些LNMP一键安装包直接提供了Redis安装,例如:https://blog.linuxeye.com/31.html,这是一个LNMP、LAMP、LANMP一键安装脚本,根据自己需求安装memcached、redis。
2、而对于一般的VPS,我们可以直接用以下命令安装(注意:redis-2.8.9是当前稳定版本,大家可以及时关注官网获得最新的:https://redis.io/download):
wget https://download.redis.io/releases/redis-2.8.9.tar.gz
tar xzf redis-2.8.9.tar.gz
cd redis-2.8.9
make
3、Redis会在src目录下生成几个可执行文件如:redis-benchmark,redis-check-aof,redis-check-dump,redis-cli,redis-sentinel,redis-server。执行:src/redis-server或者service redis-server start就是启动Redis。
4、配置开机启动Redis,执行以下命令:vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local,加入redis-server路径,例如:/src/redis-server
5、在VPS上和服务器上安装并运行Redis了后,可以在phpinfo看到。
1、我们可以使用Predis.php来作为PHP客户端,直接将Predis.php下载并上传到Wordpress的根目录下,CD到Wordpress根目录,执行以下命令:
wget https://uploads.staticjw.com/ji/jim/predis.php
chown www.www ./predis.php
2、这是Predis.php的备份下载:Predis.php下载。你可以手动下载并上传。
1、Redis前端缓存的PHP脚本来自:https://www.jimwestergren.com/wordpress-with-redis-as-a-frontend-cache/
<?php /* Author: Jim Westergren & Jeedo Aquino File: index-with-redis.php Updated: 2012-10-25 This is a redis caching system for wordpress. see more here: www.jimwestergren.com/wordpress-with-redis-as-a-frontend-cache/ Originally written by Jim Westergren but improved by Jeedo Aquino. some caching mechanics are different from jim's script which is summarized below: - cached pages do not expire not unless explicitly deleted or reset - appending a ?c=y to a url deletes the entire cache of the domain, only works when you are logged in - appending a ?r=y to a url deletes the cache of that url - submitting a comment deletes the cache of that page - refreshing (f5) a page deletes the cache of that page - includes a debug mode, stats are displayed at the bottom most part after </html> for setup and configuration see more here: www.jeedo.net/lightning-fast-wordpress-with-nginx-redis/ use this script at your own risk. i currently use this albeit a slightly modified version to display a redis badge whenever a cache is displayed. */ // change vars here $cf = 1; // set to 1 if you are using cloudflare $debug = 0; // set to 1 if you wish to see execution time and cache actions $display_powered_by_redis = 1; // set to 1 if you want to display a powered by redis message with execution time, see below $start = microtime(); // start timing page exec // if cloudflare is enabled if ($cf) { if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'])) { $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] = $_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP']; } } // from wp define('WP_USE_THEMES', true); // init predis include("predis.php"); $redis = new Predis\Client(''); // init vars $domain = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']; $url = "https://".$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'].$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']; $url = str_replace('?r=y', '', $url); $url = str_replace('?c=y', '', $url); $dkey = md5($domain); $ukey = md5($url); // check if page isn't a comment submission (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL']) && $_SERVER['HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL'] == 'max-age=0') ? $submit = 1 : $submit = 0; // check if logged in to wp $cookie = var_export($_COOKIE, true); $loggedin = preg_match("/wordpress_logged_in/", $cookie); // check if a cache of the page exists if ($redis->hexists($dkey, $ukey) && !$loggedin && !$submit && !strpos($url, '/feed/')) { echo $redis->hget($dkey, $ukey); $cached = 1; $msg = 'this is a cache'; // if a comment was submitted or clear page cache request was made delete cache of page } else if ($submit || substr($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], -4) == '?r=y') { require('./wp-blog-header.php'); $redis->hdel($dkey, $ukey); $msg = 'cache of page deleted'; // delete entire cache, works only if logged in } else if ($loggedin && substr($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], -4) == '?c=y') { require('./wp-blog-header.php'); if ($redis->exists($dkey)) { $redis->del($dkey); $msg = 'domain cache flushed'; } else { $msg = 'no cache to flush'; } // if logged in don't cache anything } else if ($loggedin) { require('./wp-blog-header.php'); $msg = 'not cached'; // cache the page } else { // turn on output buffering ob_start(); require('./wp-blog-header.php'); // get contents of output buffer $html = ob_get_contents(); // clean output buffer ob_end_clean(); echo $html; // Store to cache only if the page exist and is not a search result. if (!is_404() && !is_search()) { // store html contents to redis cache $redis->hset($dkey, $ukey, $html); $msg = 'cache is set'; } } $end = microtime(); // get end execution time // show messages if debug is enabled if ($debug) { echo $msg.': '; echo t_exec($start, $end); } if ($cached && $display_powered_by_redis) { // You should move this CSS to your CSS file and change the: float:right;margin:20px 0; echo "<style>#redis_powered{float:right;margin:20px 0;background:url(https://images.staticjw.com/jim/3959/redis.png) 10px no-repeat #fff;border:1px solid #D7D8DF;padding:10px;width:190px;} #redis_powered div{width:190px;text-align:right;font:10px/11px arial,sans-serif;color:#000;}</style>"; echo "<a href=\"https://www.jimwestergren.com/wordpress-with-redis-as-a-frontend-cache/\" style=\"text-decoration:none;\"><div id=\"redis_powered\"><div>Page generated in<br/> ".t_exec($start, $end)." sec</div></div></a>"; } // time diff function t_exec($start, $end) { $t = (getmicrotime($end) - getmicrotime($start)); return round($t,5); } // get time function getmicrotime($t) { list($usec, $sec) = explode(" ",$t); return ((float)$usec + (float)$sec); } ?>
2、 你也可以直接点击备用下载:index-with-redis.php下载地址。 Github项目:https://gist.github.com/JimWestergren/3053250#file-index-with-redis-php
3、 如果你正在使用cloudflare,请设置cf = 1; ,如果你想在页面上看到脚本执行时间和缓存加载时间,请设置$debug = 1; display_powered_by_redis = 1表示显示powered_by信息。
4、将index-with-redis.php上传到Wordpress的根目录,如果你使用的是nginx,重命令原来的index.php为任意其它名字,把index-with-redis.php重命名为index.php。
5、如果你使用的是Apache,则需要把.htaccess中出现的index.php替换成index-with-redis.php。
6、所有的操作完成后,你就可以刷新一下Wordpress页面,查看Redis缓存效果了。
7、实际使用过程中发现以上代码会出现Wordpress首页和分类没有及时缓存,这里再给出优化版本,出自https://www.jeedo.net/lightning-fast-wordpress-with-nginx-redis/。
8、功能差不多,主要有:登录时页面不缓存、除非删除或者重置否则不删除缓存页面、登录时在任意URL后加上?c=y可以删除整个网站缓存、在任意URL后面加上?c=y可以清除此URL缓存、allow_fopen被禁止也可以正常运行、发表评论时删除该页面缓存。
9、index-with-redis.php优化版本的源码是:
<?php
/*
author: jeedo aquino
file: wp-index-redis.php
credit: jim westergren
updated: 2012-10-23
this is a redis caching system for wordpress inspired by jim westergren.
see more here: www.jimwestergren.com/wordpress-with-redis-as-a-frontend-cache/
some caching mechanics are different from jim's script which is summarized below:
- cached pages do not expire not unless explicitly deleted or reset
- appending a ?c=y to a url deletes the entire cache of the domain, only works when you are logged in
- appending a ?r=y to a url deletes the cache of that url
- script still works even if allow_fopen is disabled
- submitting a comment deletes the cache of that page
- refreshing (f5) a page deletes the cache of that page
- includes a debug mode, stats are displayed at the bottom most part after
for setup and configuration see more here:
www.jeedo.net/lightning-fast-wordpress-with-nginx-redis/
use this script at your own risk. i currently use this albeit a slightly modified version
to display a redis badge whenever a cache is displayed.
*/
// change vars here
$cf = 0; // set to 1 if you are using cloudflare
$debug = 0; // set to 1 if you wish to see execution time and cache actions
$start = microtime(); // start timing page exec
// if cloudflare is enabled
if ($cf) {
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'])) {
$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'] = $_SERVER['HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP'];
}
}
// from wp
define('WP_USE_THEMES', true);
// init predis
include("predis.php");
$redis = new Predis\Client('');
// init vars
$domain = $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'];
$url = "https://".$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'].$_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'];
$url = str_replace('?r=y', '', $url);
$url = str_replace('?c=y', '', $url);
$dkey = md5($domain);
$ukey = md5($url);
// check if page isn't a comment submission
(($_SERVER['HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL'] == 'max-age=0') ? $submit = 1 : $submit = 0);
// check if logged in to wp
$cookie = var_export($_COOKIE, true);
$loggedin = preg_match("/wordpress_logged_in/", $cookie);
// check if a cache of the page exists
if ($redis->hexists($dkey, $ukey) && !$loggedin && !$submit) {
echo $redis->hget($dkey, $ukey);
if (!$debug) exit(0);
$msg = 'this is a cache';
// if a comment was submitted or clear page cache request was made delete cache of page
} else if ($submit || substr($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], -4) == '?r=y') {
require('./wp-blog-header.php');
$redis->hdel($dkey, $ukey);
$msg = 'cache of page deleted';
// delete entire cache, works only if logged in
} else if ($loggedin && substr($_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'], -4) == '?c=y') {
require('./wp-blog-header.php');
if ($redis->exists($dkey)) {
$redis->del($dkey);
$msg = 'domain cache flushed';
} else {
$msg = 'no cache to flush';
}
// if logged in don't cache anything
} else if ($loggedin) {
require('./wp-blog-header.php');
$msg = 'not cached';
// cache the page
} else {
// turn on output buffering
ob_start();
require('./wp-blog-header.php');
// get contents of output buffer
$html = ob_get_contents();
// clean output buffer
ob_end_clean();
echo $html;
// store html contents to redis cache
$redis->hset($dkey, $ukey, $html);
$msg = 'cache is set';
}
$end = microtime(); // get end execution time
// show messages if debug is enabled
if ($debug) {
echo $msg.': ';
echo t_exec($start, $end);
}
// time diff
function t_exec($start, $end) {
$t = (getmicrotime($end) - getmicrotime($start));
return round($t,5);
}
// get time
function getmicrotime($t) {
list($usec, $sec) = explode(" ",$t);
return ((float)$usec + (float)$sec);
}
?>
1、删除某一个页面的缓存:发表评论、按下F5刷新、在URL后面加上?r=y回车。
2、删除整站页面缓存:登录到Wordpress后台,在任意URL后面加上?r=y回车。
3、更新文章时自动刷新首页缓存:在你的Wordpress的Function.php中加入以下代码(出自:https://blog.zts1993.com/4738.html):
function newPostRefresh() { $temp=file_get_contents(“https://xxxxxxx/?r=y”); //xxxxxx自己替换 } add_action(‘publish_post’, ‘newPostRefresh’); add_action(‘edit_post’, ‘newPostRefresh’); add_action(‘delete_post’, ‘newPostRefresh’); add_action(‘comment_post’, ‘newPostRefresh’); add_action(‘edit_comment’, ‘newPostRefresh’); add_action(‘delete_comment’, ‘newPostRefresh’); add_action(‘wp_set_comment_status’, ‘newPostRefresh’); add_action(‘switch_theme’, ‘newPostRefresh’);
4、自动更新Wordpress缓存:在crontab中配置每10分钟用curl访问首页更新缓存,每天凌晨对首页或者分类页面进行更新。
*/10 * * * * curl https://www.freehao123.com/?r=y
1 1 * * * curl https://www.freehao123.com/fenye/?r=y
1、当Wordpress页面生成时,会弄成Redis缓存。
2、第二次访问该页面时,由于Redis缓存,页面执行时间降低到0.00X左右,效果明显。
3、发表评论等可以删除评论。
4、如果使用index-with-redis.php的Debug开启模式,会在页面最下方看到执行时间。
1、注意,Wordpress Redis缓存PHP版本在5.3以上,LNMP一键安装包在安装时需要选择PHP 5.3以上版本,而WDCP默认安装PHP是5.2.17,还需要自己手动升级PHP版本。
2、Wordpress Redis缓存加速效果无疑是明显的,特别页面多访问大的网站博客,在使用Wordpress Redis缓存加速时请禁止其它的所有缓存插件,以免造成不必要的冲突。
3、经过部落测试Wordpress Redis缓存在使用过程中主要存在的问题就是文章更新时,相应的Tag和分类、首页等内容不会实时更新,我们需要手动更新或者利用自动更新命令。
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